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>> <a href="/news/jishu/">技術(shù)文章</a></span></div> <div id="mfyjtau" class="newText"> <div id="fhacmfv" class="b40"></div> <h1 class="H1 flash-move">如何處理城市污水？ </h1> <div id="7hjl2vx" class="newTextDiv clearfix flash-move"> <h2 class="H2">發(fā)布時(shí)間：2026-04-02 17:05:15</h2> <h2 class="H2">作者：魯東環(huán)保</h2> </div> <div id="t9gipib" class="newTextCon flash-move"> <p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">一、引言</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">隨著(zhù)城市化與工業(yè)化發(fā)展，城市污水排放量增加、成分復雜化，既污染水體，也加劇碳排放壓力。你知道現代城市污水是如何處理的嗎？一起跟魯東小編來(lái)學(xué)習吧！</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">二、城市污水處理分級技術(shù)體系</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">城市污水處理按深度分為預處理、二級處理、深度處理三個(gè)階段，協(xié)同實(shí)現污染物階梯式去除，滿(mǎn)足不同排放需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.1 預處理技術(shù)</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">核心作用是去除大塊雜物、無(wú)機顆粒，保護后續設備、降低處理負荷，是污水廠(chǎng)必備單元，主要工藝包括：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 格柵：攔截塑料袋、樹(shù)枝等大塊漂浮物，分粗、細格柵，機械格柵可自動(dòng)化運行，清渣效率高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 沉砂池：利用重力去除砂石等無(wú)機顆粒，避免磨損設備、堵塞管道，常用旋流式、平流式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 初沉池：去除部分懸浮物和有機物，降低生化處理負荷，運行穩定、維護簡(jiǎn)單。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.2 二級處理技術(shù)</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">又稱(chēng)生化處理，利用微生物降解有機污染物、氮、磷等核心污染物，去除率達80%-95%，主流工藝分為兩類(lèi)：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.2.1 活性污泥法及改良工藝</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">以活性污泥為核心，好氧條件下實(shí)現污水凈化，衍生多種改良工藝適配不同場(chǎng)景：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 傳統活性污泥法：技術(shù)成熟、去除效率高，但無(wú)脫氮除磷功能，污泥產(chǎn)量大，目前較少單獨采用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- A/O、A2/O工藝：主流同步脫氮除磷工藝，流程簡(jiǎn)單、效果優(yōu)異，可穩定達標一級A標，是新建、提標改造首選。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- SBR及改良工藝：間歇式運行，無(wú)需單獨二沉池、占地小，運行靈活，適用于中小規模、分散式污水處理。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.2.2 生物膜法工藝</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">微生物附著(zhù)在載體表面形成生物膜，抗沖擊負荷強、污泥產(chǎn)量少，適合中小規模污水廠(chǎng)，主要包括生物接觸氧化法、生物轉盤(pán)、生物濾池。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.2.3 氧化溝工藝</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">環(huán)形溝渠式反應器，好氧、缺氧區域交替，耐沖擊、管理簡(jiǎn)單、脫氮效果好，但除磷較弱、占地大，適用于中小城鎮污水處理。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.3 深度處理技術(shù)</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">針對二級處理出水殘留污染物，提升水質(zhì)至高標準或實(shí)現尾水回用，常用工藝包括：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 混凝沉淀：投加混凝劑，去除懸浮物、色度及部分磷，為后續過(guò)濾奠定基礎。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 過(guò)濾：通過(guò)濾料截留細小雜質(zhì)，降低濁度，V型濾池應用廣泛。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 消毒：殺滅病原微生物，紫外線(xiàn)消毒無(wú)二次污染，是主流方式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 膜分離技術(shù)（MBR工藝）：膜組件替代二沉池，出水水質(zhì)好、占地小，但成本高、維護復雜，適用于高標準、土地緊張場(chǎng)景。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 高級氧化技術(shù)：降解難降解有機物，適用于工業(yè)廢水預處理或深度提標。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">2.4 污泥處置技術(shù)</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">遵循“減量化、穩定化、無(wú)害化、資源化”原則，核心流程包括濃縮、脫水、穩定化及資源化利用：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 濃縮與脫水：降低污泥含水率和體積，便于運輸處置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 穩定化處理：通過(guò)厭氧消化、好氧發(fā)酵消除生物毒性，厭氧消化可回收沼氣。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">- 資源化利用：可制備有機肥料、磷酸銨鎂緩釋肥，焚燒灰渣用于建材，實(shí)現變廢為寶。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">三、總結</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋體, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">城市污水處理是水環(huán)境治理與生態(tài)文明建設的重要支撐，形成了以預處理為基礎、二級生物處理為核心、深度處理為提升、污泥處置為補充的完整技術(shù)體系，各類(lèi)工藝可根據處理規模、水質(zhì)標準及場(chǎng)地條件靈活選型。希望今天的分享對您能有所幫助。</span></p><p><span data-lark-record-data="{"rootId":"StoMf8OA3dyYRxcBFV6cK76cnqO","text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"城市污水處理是水環(huán)境治理與生態(tài)文明建設的重要支撐，形成了以預處理為基礎、二級生物處理為核心、深度處理為提升、污泥處置為補充的完整技術(shù)體系，各類(lèi)工藝可根據處理規模、水質(zhì)標準及場(chǎng)地條件靈活選型。隨著(zhù)雙碳目標推進(jìn)，低碳化、資源化成為行業(yè)發(fā)展核心方向，PN/A、V-MBR等低碳技術(shù)的突破與可再生能源、智慧調控的實(shí)踐應用，推動(dòng)污水處理行業(yè)從“耗能治污”向“節能增效、資源循環(huán)”轉型，未來(lái)需持續強化技術(shù)創(chuàng 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